ASME SA-961 pdf free download

ASME SA-961 pdf free download SPECIFICATION FOR COMMON REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL FLANGES, FORGED FITTINGS, VALVES, AND PARTS FOR PIPING APPLICATIONS
5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the source material to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrinkage, and undue segregation. 6. Manufacture 6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forging that is as close as practicable to the finished size or shape. Alternative starting materials may be used, but with the following exceptions and requirements.
6.1.1 Bar — Flanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollow cylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can be machined from bar provided that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.
6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and Tubing — Flanges shall not be machined directly from seamless pipe or tub- ing. Otherhollow cylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seamless pipe and tubing provided that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock. 7. Heat Treatment
7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the following procedures that are defined in more detail in Terminology A 941.
7.1.1 Full Annealing — Material shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.
7.1.2 Solution Annealing — Material shall be heated to a temperature that causes the chrome carbides to go into solution, and then, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation.
7.1.3 Isothermal Annealing — Isothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to and holding within the range of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite- carbide aggregate.
7.1.4 Normalizing — Material shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range, and subsequently, cooled in air at room temperature.
7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat Treatment — Material shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below the transformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30 min or 1 h/in. [25.4 mm] of thickness at the thickest section and cooled in still air. 7.1.6 Stress Relieving — Material shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. The temperature shall not vary from the selected temperature by more than ±25°F [±14°C]. 7.1.7 Quench and Temper — Material shall be fully austenitized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium. The quenched fittings shall be reheated to a mini- mum temperature of1100°F [590°C] and cooled in still air.
8. Chemical Requirements
8.1 ChemicalAnalysis —Samples forchemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
8.2 Heat Analysis — An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of those elements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot, or the product of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the requirements ofthe individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (check analy- sis) tolerances are not to be applied to the Heat Analysis requirements.
8.3 Product Analysis — If a product analysis is per- formed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Prac- tices, and Terminology A 751. Samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts, midway between center and surface of full-size pro- longations or from broken mechanical test specimens. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specification, within the permissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.
9. Mechanical Requirements
9.1 Method of Mechanical Tests — All tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Defini- tions A 370.
9.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to the product specification requirements, specimens shall be obtained from the production forgings, or from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stockused to make the finished product. In either case, mechanical test specimens shall not be removed until after all heat treatment is com- plete. If repair welding is performed, test specimens shall not be removed until after post-weld heat treatment is