ASME SA-435 pdf free download
ASME SA-435 pdf free download Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers the procedure and acceptancestandards for straight-beam，pulse-echo，ultrasonic examina-tion of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates，1/ in.[12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assuredelivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities
such as pipe,ruptures,or laminations and is to be usedwhenever the inquiry，contract，order，or specification states
that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance withthis specification shall be qualified and certified in accordancewith the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalentstandard is one which covers the qualification and certificationof ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and whichis acceptable to the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or Sl unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, thesl units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents. therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of lnternational Standards，Guides and Recom-mendations issiued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Conmnittee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics ofUltrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systemswithout the Use of Electronic Measurement InstrumentsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2491 Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics ofPhased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
2.2 ASNT Documents:
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for PersonnelQualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing3.Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to nonde-structive examinations used in this specification,refer toTerminology E1316.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish suitable ultrasonicequipment and qualified personnel necessary for performingthe test. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beamtype.The transducer is normally 1 to 1 / in. [25 to 30 mm] indiameter or 1 in. [25 mm] square; however，any transducerhaving a minimum active area of 0.7 in.3[450 mm2] may beused, including phased-array probes using an equivalent activeaperture.The test shall be performed by one of the followingmethods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling.4.2 Other search units may be used for evaluating andpinpointing indications.
4.3 Vertical or horizontal linearity or both shall be checkedin accordance with Practice E317,Guide E2491，or anotherprocedure approved by the users of this specification. Anacceptable linearity performance may be agreed upon by themanufacturer and purchaser.
5.Test Conditions
5.1l Conduct the examination in an area free of operationsthat interfere with proper functioning of the equipment.
5.2 Clean and smooth the plate surface sufficiently tomaintain a reference back reflection from the opposite side ofthe plate at least 50 %o of the full scale during scanning.
